RESUMO
El cultivo de Helicobacter pylori es indispensable para estudiar la sensibilidad de las cepas a distintos agentes antimicrobianos, realizar pruebas diagnósticas y evaluar su toxicidad y virulencia, además, preservar los aislamientos con fines inve stigati vos futuros. Bajo condiciones óptimas, el cultivo posee una sensibilidad cercana al 90% y una especificad de 100%, pero las tasas de aislamiento de los individuos infectados pueden variar entre 23,5% a 97%, dependiendo de un número de factores como los componentes del medio de cultivo, el transporte de las biopsias, automedicación con inhibidores de bomba de protones/antibióticos y los métodos de toma de la biopsia. Por esta razón, el objetivo del estudio de la investigación fue comparar diferentes medios de cultivo y las condiciones de transporte, manejo y procesamiento de las biopsias para el aislamiento de Helicobacter pylori. Se analizaron 27 biopsias gástricas de antro y cuerpo del estómago obtenidas de pacientes dispépticos; fueron sembradas por duplicado en tres medios de cultivo diferentes designados como A, B y C y bajo dos condiciones de siembra de la biopsia por Impresión (Touch) y por maceración, el transporte de las biopsias se realizó en medio de transporte con y sin suplementos y antibióticos. Los resultados de la tasa de recuperación en el medio de cultivo A fue 59,2%, en el B fue 37% y en el C fue de 18,5%. Tanto el medio A como en el B se evidenció un crecimiento vigoroso de H. pylori, caso contrario en el medio de cultivo C, en donde las colonias no se observaron tan brillantes y evidentes. La siembra por maceración en laboratorio y el medio de cultivo A proporcionaron las mejores condiciones para la recuperación de H. pylori.
Helicobacter pylori cultivation is essential to study the sensitivity of isolates to various antimicrobial agents, diagnostic testing and evaluating toxicity and virulence also preserve isolates with future research purposes. Under optimum conditions, cultivation has a sensitivity approaching 90% and a specificity of 100%, but the rates of isolation of infected individuals may vary between 23.5% to 97%, depending on a number of factors such as components culture medium, transporting biopsies, self-medication with proton-pump inhibitor / antibiotics and methods of making the biopsy. For this reason, the aim of the research study was to compare different culture media and conditions of transport, handling and processing of biopsies for the isolation of Helicobacter pylori. 27 antrum's gastric biopsies and body 's gastric biopsies obtained from dyspeptic patients were analyzed; were seeded for duplicate on three different culture's mediums designated as A, B and C and under two culture's conditions. The biosies were seeded for Printing (Touch) in the endoscopy unit and maceration in the microbiology's laboratory. The biopsies were transported in transport medium with and without supplements and antibiotics. The results of the recovery rate in the culture medium A was 59.2%, in the B was 37% and in the C was 18.5%. In the culture médium A and B were observed a vigorous growth of H. pylori, otherwise in the culture medium C, the colonies were not observed as bright. Seeding by maceration in laboratory culture medium and A provided the best conditions for recovery of H. pylori.
Assuntos
Humanos , Estômago , Biópsia , Helicobacter pylori , Anti-Infecciosos , Antibacterianos , Automedicação , Triacetonamina-N-Oxil , Virulência , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Endoscopia , MicrobiologiaRESUMO
Introducción: staphylococcus aureus está asociado con graves enfermedadessistémicas causadas por superantígenos (toxinas pirogénicas y exfoliativas).Métodos: 100 aislamientos clínicos de S. aureus se identificaron por métodoautomatizado y PCR, la prevalencia de genes de superantígenos por PCR múltiple y las correlaciones mediante la prueba exacta de Fischer.Resultados: en 38 aislamientos se observó que la prevalencia de los genes de enterotoxinas, toxina del síndrome de choque tóxico y toxinas exfoliativas fue 44%, 7% y 4%, respectivamente. La única correlación significativa (p = 0,045) fue entre la presencia de los genes de superantígenos y los aislamientos hospitalarios.Conclusiones: existe una alta prevalencia de genes de enterotoxinas y una baja de genes de toxinas exfoliativas y del síndrome de choque tóxico en aislamientos de S. aureus en esta población. Esta es la primera investigación que presenta datosde prevalencia de superantígenos en Colombia, y proporciona nueva información para América Latina.
Assuntos
Humanos , Exfoliatinas , Staphylococcus aureus , SuperantígenosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori antimicrobial resistance rates differ among countries and even between different areas of a country. In Colombia, the most commonly used antimicrobials for the treatment of H pylori infection are amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole. AIM: To determine antimicrobial susceptibility of H pylori strains isolated in Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty eight strains of H pylori were isolated and identified by microbiological methods and confirmed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The detection of antimicrobial resistance to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole and tetraclycline, was conducted by the Etest method. Mutations in the 23S rDNA, involved in resistance to clarithromycin, were detected using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Eighty eight and 2.2% of the strains were resistant to metronidazole and clarithromycin, respectively. No isolate was simultaneously resistant to amoxicillin or tetracycline. The two clarithromycin resistant strains were homozygous for the A2143G mutation. No mutations were found in the remaining 86 susceptible strains. CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of metronidazole resistance in our population precludes the use of this drug for the empirical treatment of H pylori infection.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Metronidazol/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/classificação , Colômbia/epidemiologia , DNA Ribossômico/efeitos dos fármacos , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Mutação/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutação/genéticaRESUMO
Background: Helicobacter pylori antimicrobial resistance rates differ among countries and even between different areas of a country. In Colombia, the most commonly used antimicrobials for the treatment of H pylori infection are amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole. Aim: To determine antimicrobial susceptibility of H pylori strains isolated in Colombia. Materials and methods: Eighty eight strains of H pylori were isolated and identified by microbiological methods and confirmed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The detection of antimicrobial resistance to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole and tetraclycline, was conducted by the Etest method. Mutations in the 23S rDNA, involved in resistance to clarithromycin, were detected using PCR and restriction fragment lenght polymorphism. Results: Eighty eight and 2.2 percent of the strains were resistant to metronidazole and clarithromycin, respectively. No isolate was simultaneously resistant to amoxicillin or tetracycline. The two clarithromycin resistant strains were homozygous for the A2143G mutation. No mutations were found in the remaining 86 susceptible strains. Conclusions: The high rate of metronidazole resistance in our population precludes the use of this drug for the empirical treatment of Hpylori infection.
Assuntos
Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Metronidazol/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/classificação , Colômbia/epidemiologia , DNA Ribossômico/efeitos dos fármacos , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Mutação/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutação/genéticaRESUMO
Resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin (amoxicilline) was found in 82, 3.8, and 1.9% of 106 Helicobacter pylori isolates, respectively. No tetracycline-resistant isolates were found. In all of the clarithromycin-resistant isolates, only one point mutation was present, either A2143G or A2142G. Our results indicate that metronidazole should not be included in the empirical treatment of H. pylori infection in this region.
